Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.

2022年5月14日 · Second messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface — such as the arrival of protein hormones, growth factors, etc. — to target molecules in the cytosol and/or nucleus. But in addition to their job as relay molecules, second messengers serve to greatly amplify the strength of the signal. Binding of a ...

第二信使（Second messenger）在生物学里是胞内信号分子，负责细胞内的信号转导以触发生理变化，如增殖， 细胞分化 ，迁移，存活和细胞凋亡。因此第二信使是细胞内的信号转导的启动组成部件之一。

Second messengers are small molecules and ions that relay signals received by cell-surface receptors to effector proteins. They include a wide variety of chemical species and have diverse properties that allow them to signal within membranes (e.g., ...

2022年7月11日 · 第二信使（英语：Second messenger）在生物学里是胞内信号分子，负责细胞内的信号转导以触发生理变化，如 增殖 （ 英语 ： Cell growth ） 、细胞分化、迁移、存活和细胞凋亡。

Second messenger, molecule inside cells that acts to transmit signals from a receptor to a target. The term second messenger was coined upon the discovery of these substances in order to distinguish them from hormones and other molecules that function outside the cell as “first messengers” in the

Second messengers refer to small intracellular molecules that are produced after the first messenger (hormone or neurotransmitter)-dependent receptor activation. Second messengers are intended to activate intracellular signaling pathways that amplify the signal and culminate with the activation or inhibition of transcription factors, inducing a ...

2025年1月12日 · Second messenger systems act as intermediaries, translating external signals into cellular responses. These small molecules facilitate the transmission of information from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.

Neurons use many different second messengers as intracellular signals. These messengers differ in the mechanism by which they are produced and removed, as well as their downstream targets and effects (Figure 8.7A). This section summarizes the attributes of some of the principal second messengers.Figure 8.7Neuronal second messengers.

2025年1月4日 · In biology, a second messenger is a molecule that transmits signals from the surface of a cell to the interior, enabling a response to an extracellular stimulus or signal. This concept is crucial in understanding how cells communicate with each other and respond to …