Hyperkalemia is a common clinical problem. Potassium enters the body via oral intake or intravenous infusion, is largely stored in the cells, and is then excreted in the urine. The major causes of hyperkalemia are increased potassium release from the cells and, most often, reduced urinary potassium excretion ( table 1 ).

Two major causes of hyperkalemia exist. The first is an altered internal potassium balance, including acidosis, insulin deficiency, hypoaldosteronism, and cell necrosis. The second is an altered external balance, including the effects of ACEi. Hyperkalemia can also occur as a response to blood cell lysis.

This review aims to briefly present the potassium physiology and discuss the main conditions that lead to hyperkalemia in diabetic individuals, the main signs, symptoms, and exams for the diagnosis of hyperkalemia, and the steps that should be followed to manage patients with this potentially life-threatening condition.

Hyperkalemia is a common clinical problem that is most often a result of impaired urinary potassium excretion due to acute or chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or disorders or drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

2006年1月15日 · Hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening metabolic problem caused by inability of the kidneys to excrete potassium, impairment of the mechanisms that move potassium from the circulation...

Redistributive hyperkalemia most commonly occurs in uncontrolled hyperglycemia (eg, diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state). (See "Diabetic ketoacidosis in adults: Treatment", section on 'Potassium replacement'.) The clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia will be reviewed here.

The most important causal factor of chronic hyperkalemia in diabetic individuals is the syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Impaired renal function, potassium-sparing drugs, hypertonicity and insulin deficiency are also involved in the development of hyperkalemia.

2023年9月4日 · Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal, usually greater than 5.0 mEq/L to 5.5 mEq/L. While mild hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic, high potassium levels may cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, or paralysis.

Diuretic use and gastrointestinal losses are common causes of hypokalemia, whereas kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and medication use are common causes of hyperkalemia. When severe, potassium...

• Four insulin-deprived patients with diabetes mellitus and normal baseline potassium and aldosterone levels became hyperkalemic when given 100 g of glucose orally. The increases in plasma potassium concentrations averaged 1.3 mEq/L (range, 0.7 to 1.8 mEq/L) and were accompanied by increases in plasma aldosterone level.