Mars is fundamentally an igneous planet. Rocks on the surface and in the crust consist predominantly of minerals that crystallize from magma.

2017年12月12日 · It is made up primarily of silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium and probably has the consistency of soft rocky paste. It is probably about 770 to 1,170 miles (1,240 to 1,880 …

2024年11月20日 · Mars – the fourth planet from the Sun – is a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere. This dynamic planet has seasons, polar ice caps, extinct volcanoes, canyons and weather.

6 天之前 · Mars - Atmosphere, Surface, Pressure: Carbon dioxide constitutes 95.3 percent of the atmosphere by weight (see the table), nine times the quantity now in Earth’s much more massive atmosphere.

The composition of Mars is revealed through infrared spectroscopic instruments that have mapped mineralogy on the surface and from orbit, supplemented by chemical measurements from orbiters and landers and in situ data from M ̈ossbauer spectroscopy of Fe-bearing minerals and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

2025年1月21日 · Two factors control the vertical structure of the lower atmosphere—its composition of almost pure carbon dioxide and its content of large quantities of suspended dust.

2023年9月17日 · Mars' atmosphere is over 100 times thinner than Earth's and is primarily composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and argon gases. Oxidized dust particles kicked up from …

2020年3月15日 · We determine a unique composition for bulk silicate Mars (BSM) and a best fit, non-unique model for its core composition. By establishing the systematic depletion in volatile elements in the BSM, we show that the core has ⩽ 7 wt% S along with O and H as light elements.

Mars has two natural satellites that are small and irregular in shape: Phobos and Deimos. The relatively flat plains in northern parts of Mars strongly contrast with the cratered terrain in southern highlands – this terrain observation is known as the Martian dichotomy.

2024年6月26日 · NASA’s Mars Odyssey spacecraft has beamed back more than a million images, gathered during 23 years in orbit around the Red Planet. That wealth of data has yielded an abundance of significant scientific knowledge about water ice on Mars, the composition and physical properties of the planet’s surface, and Mars’ two moons.