2021年6月26日 · Foraminal disc protrusions are an important entity to recognize for a number of reasons, these include: they are relatively easy to overlook as they do not impinge upon the spinal canal; they do not narrow the subarticular recess, but

2024年8月17日 · A disc protrusion is also described in terms of its axial position, into central, subarticular, foraminal, extraforaminal, or anterior locations 4. Additionally, the terms contained (outer annulus fibrosus laminae are intact) and non-contained (all laminae are deficient) are also sometimes used 4 .

Right extraforaminal L3/4 disc protrusion contacts and deforms the extraforaminal right L3 nerve root with adjacent fat stranding. This occurs on a background of a circumferential disc bulge resulting in mild central canal stenosis and mild left neural exit foraminal stenosis.

2024年6月28日 · asymmetric bulge: does not involve the entire disc circumference. herniation. protrusion: focal herniation of disc material beyond the margins of the adjacent vertebral body, involves <90° of the disc circumference, with a base that is wider than the dome

Mild contained disc herniation at the L3/4 disc level in the right subarticular/foraminal zone consistent with a disc protrusion. Thickening of the ligamentum flavum at disc level L1/2 to L4/5 level. 3 case questions available

2024年10月31日 · Annular fissures, also known as annular tears, are a degenerative deficiency of one or more layers that make up the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc.

2024年8月17日 · Disc extrusion is a type of intervertebral disc herniation and is distinguished from a disc protrusion in that it: in at least one plane, has a broader dome (B) than a neck (A) and/or. extends above or below the disc level (into the suprapedicular or infrapedicular zone)

Foraminal disc protrusion (white arrow) obliterates the normal T1 neural exit foraminal fat signal, which can be easily seen surrounding the exiting nerve root (grey arrow) at the level below.

2024年5月7日 · Bulging has been ascribed to redundancy of the annulus, loss of disc space height, ligamentous laxity, response to loading or angular motion, and remodeling in response to adjacent pathology, and volume averaging on CT/MRI axial images.

2023年12月27日 · Uncovertebral arthrosis is thought to be the result of dehydration/reduction of the intervertebral disc, leading to an increased load between the cervical vertebrae and hence the uncovertebral joints.