This was caused by (1) the frequent drainage of some of the right pulmonary veins into the junctional area between right atrium and superior vena cava in the presence of normal left pulmonary veins, ...

When it comes to understanding the human blood circulation system, one fascinating aspect is the lung was ist tonerin capillaries. These veins play an ...

Electrogram recordings in a patient with a focal pulmonary vein (PV) tachycardia originating from the right upper PV (RUPV). The fluoroscopic image (left anterior oblique projection) in (A ...

This retrospective, single‐center study identified children with primary and secondary pulmonary vein stenosis through a cardiac catheterization database. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, log‐rank tests, and ...

The vascular anatomy of mixed PS is more complex, which can easily lead to right-to-left shunting of arterial blood, resulting in hypoxia. In our case, we observed four abnormal vessels originating ...

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI ... to reach the inferior vena cava and avoid the hepatic vein. Views obtained from the ICE catheter can assist in advancing the guidewires through the sheath if needed.

persistently raised pulmonary pressures and right heart failure. Surgical pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) offers significant prognostic and symptomatic benefits for patients with proximal disease ...

The right atrium has a function in both the flow of blood through the heart, as well as in the heart's electrical system. In regards to blood flow, deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior ...

hemiazygous vein → azygous vein → right SVC → RA, (2) hemiazygos vein → accessory hemiazygous vein → superior intercostal vein → azygos vein → right SVC → RA or (3) hemiazygos vein → persistent left ...

Moreover, sex-specific mortality risk thresholds, with higher risk indicated by a larger area of the right pulmonary artery, as measured by an echocardiogram, were superior to general thresholds after ...