Ion channels are integral membrane protein assemblies that modulate the flow of ions into and out of a cell or organelle, leading to generation of electrical signals. Opening (gating) of ion ...

Skimmed milk has a little more calcium than semi-skimmed, which in turn has a little more calcium than whole milk. The reason is simply that as the fat is removed, the watery proportion of the ...

Figure 3. Formation of foamy macrophages and their role in TB pathogenesis. Foamy macrophages play a key role in the formation of caseous necrosis. They are formed when macrophages acquire cholesterol ...

Aging is the progressive loss of organ and tissue function over time. Growing older is positively linked to cognitive and biological degeneration such as physical frailty, psychological impairment, ...

When chlorine (as a gas or dissolved in water) is added to sodium bromide solution, the chlorine takes the place of the bromine. Because chlorine is more reactive than bromine, it displaces ...