Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes. Often, the genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance.

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are used for genetic engineering, CRISPR applications, gene therapy, pharmaceutical development, and recombinant DNA technologies. Plasmids come in ...

An international collaboration has achieved an important breakthrough in understanding the genetic mechanisms that allow bacteria to build resistance to drugs.

An international collaboration has achieved an important breakthrough in understanding the genetic mechanisms that allow ...

Plasmid DNA offers an attractive way to deliver therapeutic genes for gene therapy 1 and genetic immunization 2. Nucleotide sequences of plasmids are usually considered as composed of only four bases.