Hyperrelexic, overactive or spastic bladder or bowels occur with spinal cord injury at or above T12. The primary characteristic of this type of injury is increased organ spasms. The UMN bladder may ...

The spinal cord bladder and bowel reflex arc is damaged in patients with injuries to the cauda equina, lumbar and sacral segments below the conus medullaris. Patients do not typically transition to an ...