We propose that these connections are responsible for the spatial-phase invariance of complex-cell responses. In a network model with selective cortical amplification, neurons exhibit simple-cell ...

it gradually evolved into more complex forms, eventually giving rise to animals and plants. But that doesn’t seem to be what happened. After simple cells first appeared, there was an extraordina ...

Cells get nutrients from their environment, but where do those nutrients come from? Virtually all organic material on Earth has been produced by cells that convert energy from the Sun into energy ...