“We use inexpensive crystalline silicon solar cells,” he explains ... In 2015, however, continued improvements led to the ‘artificial leaf’, a one square centimetre electrode device ...

The silicon oxide fibers are then fused together at high temperatures to produce felt wafers. The wafers are initially coated with a transparent thin film of fluorine-doped tin oxide, and then ...

The wastewater fed into the artificial leaf isn’t directly sourced from ... nanostructures and incorporated that with a traditional silicon solar panel which results in a highly effective ...