100 BC – 44 BC / Reigned 46 – 44 BC) changed the course of Roman history ... moved fast to strengthen the northern borders of the empire and tackle its enemies in the east.

The Roman Empires had fought a series of wars with pre-Islamic Persian dynasties from 92 BC to the 7th century AD - when the Muslim conquest of Persia caused the downfall of the Sasanian Empire.

62 BC – 14 AD ... Augustus had ended 100 years of civil war and achieved over 40 years of internal peace and prosperity. His vision and power had expanded the Roman Empire to become far ...