In 1025-26, Chola emperor Rajendra I (r. 1014-1044) dispatched an expedition to Kedah, a rich Malay port, and claimed the conquest of a number of other cities in Indonesia and the Malay peninsula.

“We celebrate the birthday of Rajendra Chola, an emperor of the Chola dynasty, because we have archaeological evidence such as inscriptions, the temples built by him and the lake created by hi ...