Renal hypoplasia, defined as abnormally small kidneys with normal morphology and reduced nephron number, is a common cause of pediatric renal failure and adult-onset disease. Genetic studies ...

Each kidney contains over one million microscopic filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron is made of a tubule and is responsible for 'cleaning' the blood by removing urea and excess water ...

(a) Kidney organoids with nephron structure scalable produced in UniMat. (b) Kidney organoid with vascular structures. (c) Establishment of polycistic kidney disease (PKD) and drug testing models ...