Proton Beam Writing (PBW) and ion beam applications are advanced techniques used in materials science and nanotechnology for creating microstructures and manipulating materials at the atomic level.

The Price to Earnings (P/E) ratio, a key valuation measure, is calculated by dividing the stock's most recent closing price by the sum of the diluted earnings per share from continuing operations ...

Micron, A review of focused ion beam milling techniques for TEM specimen preparation Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, A review of focused ion beam applications in microsystem technology ...