Motivation can take two forms - intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is the inner drive to succeed, engaging in the task or adhering to the activity for fun, enjoyment and satisfaction.

Two apoptotic cell-death pathways exist in mammals — a cell-intrinsic pathway and a cell-extrinsic pathway — and these distinct pathways converge with the activation of the caspase cascade.

However, injury risk factors research involved with winter sport athletes seems not well documented due to its complicated, interactive intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Objective To exam the ...