The trigeminal nerve is approached percutaneously and the foramen ovale is entered, usually with fluoroscopic guidance. Penetration of the foramen ovale can provoke a trigeminovascular reflex ...

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a condition characterized by recurrent ... The modified Hartel anterior approach was utilized for puncturing the foramen ovale, with needle insertion guided by C-arm ...

Foramen magnum decompression resulted in lasting relief from the pain. The authors discuss the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia in a relatively rare clinical situation.

6, Tiantan Xili, Chongwen, Beijing, 121001, P.R. China; luojunshengljs{at}sina.com Background Percutaneous microballoon compression (PMC) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a well-established technique.