The Antarctic ice sheet is nearly twice the area of Australia and holds enough freshwater to raise global sea levels by 58 ...

Carbon is then transferred to different layers of the ocean as primary producers are eaten by other organisms, which themselves reproduce, generate waste and die. Some plankton combine calcium and ...

"Our research suggests this hydrous magma ocean favored the formation ... the researchers think these iron-rich layers would have had an insulating effect, keeping different regions down at ...