Biofilms are clusters of microorganisms that stick to non-biological surfaces, such as rocks in a stream, as well as to surfaces on plants (roots) or in animals (epithelium). These clusters are ...

Almost all micro-organisms subsist in elaborate colonies that are embedded in biofilms of self-produced exopolymer matrices. The biofilm allows the micro-organisms to adhere to any surface ...

“Plastics in wastewater treatment plants are colonised by microbial biofilms, or “plastispheres,” which can harbour pathogens ...

All participants, who were not linked to plastics industry ... and microbial pathogens within biofilms. Based on the limited evidence available, chemicals and biofilms associated with ...

[23] Systemic dosing levels of antibiotics, which were developed according to the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of planktonic organisms, are relatively ineffective against biofilm micro ...