This Review focuses on representative animal models that have been used to determine the role of apoptosis in virus-induced pathogenesis in the CNS, heart and liver (Table 1), to define the ...

For example, CD4/CXCR4-expressing T cells that interact with cells expressing HIV-1-encoded envelope glycoproteins first manifest autophagy and then apoptosis. In this model, depletion of beclin-1 ...